Type 1 PSSM was first described in detail by Valberg et al (1992) and is associated with a dominant mutation in the skeletal muscle glycogen synthase gene (GYS1). This gene mutation causes excessive...
A general history will provide vital information to help determine if weight loss is related to undernutrition or not. Obtaining detailed information should help determine whether the horse has an...
The study design was based on the observation and collection of data concerning the assessment of a horse's body condition. Ethical approval was gained from the University Ethics Committee, before any...
Equine gastric ulcers are reported in all ages and breeds of horse. The incidence of equine squamous gastric disease in researched cohorts is reported to be between 11–92% (Murray et al, 1989;...
Healthy geriatric donkeys mostly require a basic diet of good quality barley, oat or wheat straw, and limited access to grass. Donkeyspecific vitamin and mineral requirements have not been...
Overall, when forming a nutrition plan, the following key areas need to be considered. In addition, when advising on animals which may be competing under specific regulations, it is essential that the...
Laminitis was previously broadly classified according to the differing pathways presumed to trigger its onset. At present, three main clinical forms of laminitis have been defined (Patterson-Kane et...
The prevalence of both obese and overweight horses is high (Giles et al, 2014; Potter et al, 2016). However, how this is categorised and reported could be clearer, as defining whether a horse is...
In order to understand how to prevent equine obesity, it is first important to recognise what the term obesity actually refers to. Obesity is a qualitative term (Wyse et al, 2008), defined as an...
Track systems involve placing a track around the outside of a field or several fields, and keeping the horses on this tracked area rather than in a central paddock. Items such as water, shelter, hay...
A total of seven horses met the criteria for inclusion, including two Thoroughbreds, one Arabian X, one Welsh Pony, one Riding Pony, one Standardbred and one Warmblood. There were three geldings and...
A useful way of thinking about how change happens is to divide it into stages, as in the stages of change model (Prochaska and Velicer, 1997; DiClemente and Prochaska, 1998) (Table 1)..