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Infectious disease
Veterinary

How do we prevent and control future outbreaks of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy at equestrian gatherings?

02 January 2023
Professional
19 mins read
02 January 2023
Volume 7 · Issue 1

This document was commissioned by UK-Vet Equine to provide veterinary surgeons with up-to-date information on equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in the wake of the outbreaks that occurred in Valencia and subsequently across Europe and the Middle East in 2021. The content of the document and practical recommendations were developed from discussion between the authors, considering published and unpublished research relating to EHV using a roundtable forum and online discussion. Where research evidence was conflicting or absent, collective expert opinion of the group was applied. The opinions expressed are the consensus of views expressed by the authors who all approved the final manuscript. Where an agreement was not reached, diverging views are presented. The expert group was organised by UK-Vet Equine and the meeting held online on 10th June 2022 with sponsorship from Zoetis. The sponsors were not involved in the production of the manuscript.

There are nine different equid herpesviruses (EHVs); five types (EHV-1 to EHV-5) infect the domestic horse and four, EHV-6 to EHV-9, are associated with infections in wild equids and other perissodactyl including asses, zebra and rhinoceros. The alpha herpesviruses EHV-1 and EHV-4 are respiratory pathogens, and EHV-1 also has the potential to cause outbreaks of abortion and neurological disease. EHV-1 is a highly successful host-adapted equine pathogen with a complex life cycle that enables its spread and persistence within the global horse population. It is believed that there is early and widespread infection of youngstock which, combined with persistent infection coupled with recrudescence (latency and reactivation), ensures endemicity and the somewhat unpredictable manifestation of clinical disease in the UK and globally. The spread and persistence of the virus is not dependent on clinical disease and silent transmission is common, allowing transmission down equine generations and persistence within herds.

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