Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences revealed that isolates representing the morphospecies H. gingivalis consist of at least four genetically distinct evolutionary lineage (Nadler et al, 2003).
The horse is a monogastric species, with a small stomach compared to its size. The gastric lining has two different portions: one dorsal, with a stratified squamous epithelium, without any absorptive...
Hay consumption, particularly from round bales, is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation and mucus accumulation in healthy horses, and it can trigger asthma attacks in horses with severe...
O. cervicalis is a filarial nematode with an indirect lifecycle (Figure 1). Culicoides midges act as the dominant intermediate host, and Culicoides nubeculosus has been identified as the major...
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron (Figure 1). Each equine kidney contains close to 10 million nephrons, which do not increase in number after birth (Beech et al, 2001). Nephrons can be...