Clinical signs associated with sand accumulation can be varied, nonspecific and often overlap with other presentations of gastrointestinal diseases. One of the most common presentations is acute colic...
Periparturient haemorrhage has been estimated to affect 2–3% of broodmares and account for 40% of periparturient deaths (Frazer, 2003a; Arnold et al, 2008). Haemorrhage may occur prepartum but is most...
Colic in donkeys is frequently diagnosed late due to the lack of recognition of pain in this species (Ashley et al, 2005). Clinical signs of impactions and displacements can be confusing with only...
A thorough but time efficient preoperative clinical examination is ideal in all horses presenting for colic; however, this may not always be possible or safe in some horses. It is important to first...